Essay on The Epidemic of Steroid Abuse in America

The Epidemic of Steroid Abuse in America We as a people are preoccupied with the notion of greatness. Our role models are athletes, actors and actresses, and other figures in the public eye. Many of us often desire to be better off than our current state; to look better, to be in better shape, etc†¦ We compete with each other for jobs, for mates, for grades, for parking spots, and in sporting activities. This competitive nature is a way of life, especially in sporting activities, often learned as a child and built upon throughout adulthood. But where do you draw the line? At what point do the â€Å"costs† of winning or being â€Å"better† outweigh the benefits? Maybe it’s too much when you start putting your own health in serious jeopardy†¦show more content†¦A large majority of users are taking this illegal substance to make themselves â€Å"better†. But athletes who juice are not only cheating, but breaking the law. And, as with most illegal substances, there are serious health reprecussions. Users have different reasons for doping and, subsequently, steroids have different health consequences. Some common side effects from steroid use are the following: acne, genital changes, water retention, yellowing of the eyes and skin; women may experience: male-pattern baldness, decreased breast size, deeper voices, hairy bodies, and menstrual irregularities; men may experience: reduced sperm production, shrinking of the testicles, impotence, difficulty or pain in urinating, baldness, and irreversible breast enlargement. But these are just minor setbacks right? One could say that, like those aren’t bad, but researchers have also linked steroid abuse to much more serious risks such as: fatal liver cysts, liver cancer, blood clotting, cholesterol changes, hypertension, stroke, and even heart attack. Despite all these potential problems, many still choose to take steroids. Steroid abuse and the availibity of the drug are on the rise. Many studies haveShow MoreRelatedIn The August 8Th And 15Th Issue Of The New Yorker, Mark1463 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing attacked. With over a half of million people coming to Rio De Janiero for the games one questioned struggled to be answered. Olympics organizers were faced with a challenge on how to keep both athletes and tourist safe and healthy from a major epidemic. Typically, with a high tourist rates come with the risk of injuries or infection. The Zika virus was one that many was not sure how to control and keep the safety of everyone first. The Zika virus is spread through infected mosquitos, pregnant mothersRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drug Abuse1511 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance enhancing drug abuse is a growing problem in adolescents and athletes. According to the Partnership for Drug – Free Kids, more than five percent of teens use performance enhancing drugs, or steroids increase muscle. Performance enhancing drug abuse creates addiction, the mental tension and pressure that coaches and peers bring to inferior athletes this draws teens and athletes to engage in these products, further encouraging teens to partake in the use of performance enhancing drugs,Read MoreSteroids : A Lifestyle Of Cheating1639 Words   |  7 Pagesclear, beans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH, or human growth hormone. The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. Steroids promote increased muscle gain and muscle mass. Steroids are also highly addictiveRead MoreA Lifestyle Of Cheating1512 Words   |  7 Pageslifestyle of Cheating Gym Candy, ‘roids, juice, pumpers, weight trainers, clear, beans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH, or human growth hormone. The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. According toRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesperformance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The pro blem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MoreThe Addiction Epidemic Of Substance Abuse Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe Addiction Epidemic The use of substances for physical, mind and social advantage has been around since the beginning of documented history. Contemporary use of prescription medication for these advantages has led to a national epidemic of substance abuse. Health care providers need to recognize the disease process of addiction in order to effectively combat the growing epidemic of substance use disorders (SUD). Strategies to decrease the prevalence and incidence of SUD include defining addictionRead MoreUse of Anabolic Steroids in the U.S.2897 Words   |  12 Pagesanabolic steroids. This epidemic is spreading through our country like a wildfire. It is going unnoticed and misunderstood. Even our government has not found the money the man power or the time to deal with this killer. It can be bought wherever pleasure or illicit drugs can be found. The people who push these drugs are usually the people teenagers look up to. The drug pushers are the kids teachers, coaches and even their parents. It seems to me that if a parent pushes steroids on theirRead MoreElite Athletes and Performance Enhancing Drugs1817 Words   |  7 Pagesadvocates against performance-enhancing drugs. Regardless of the arguments that surround the issue of performance-enhancing drugs, the pressure on elite athletes to perform exceptional in sports will continue to spur them to cheat to stay on top. The Epidemic of Performance-enhancing drugs Jost (2004) in his article Performance-Enhancing Drugs: An Overview carefully structured his argument to show that performance-enhancing drugs are crucial aspects of elite athletic competition. He reasoned that â€Å"a significantRead MoreDrug Use And Health During The Civil War1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of opioids in America provides a reoccurring theme riddled with misuse, abuse, and addiction. One could even go as far as to call it a timeless theme, as the same problems that affected the past still stand steadfast today. It all started in 1806 with the isolation of Morphine by chemist Friedrich Sertà ¼rner (Acock, 1993). Soon after its creation, this analgesic opiate became the primary treatment in the United States for various medical ailments including pain, anxiety, and respiratoryRead MoreEffects Of Adhd On Children With Adhd1442 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish II 17 September 2015 Overdiagnosis Of ADHD Medication Four percent of all children in the United States Of America are diagnosed with ADHD (â€Å"When Will America Just Say No†). From 2008-2012 the rate of children diagnosed with ADHD went up 30 percent ( While there are this many diagnoses’ not all of them are correctly given. Some people pretend to have ADHD so that they can abuse the medicine with it. This is one of the reasons people are divided at giving their child the medication and not

The Fate Of The Colonists - 1366 Words

John White left for supplies with 117 people in his colony in Roanoke, VA and came back two years later (Lane). Everything had completely vanished. How could someone leave and when they get back everything is just gone? Roanoke Colony completely vanished nothing left; no bodies, no supplies, but there are many theories dealing with the fate of the colonists. In 1584, Raleigh was granted a patent by Queen Elizabeth I to colonize in America (Lane). Raleigh sent explorers Philip Amadas, and Artur Barloue to scout the island of Roanoke. They returned a year later with Native Americans Manteo and Wanchese (Manteo). Roanoke was founded by Sir Walter Raleigh. Roanoke was found 22 years before Jamestown and 37 years before the pilgrims (Lane). Raleigh sent a party of 100 soldiers, miners, and scientists to Roanoke Islands. The first party of men were directed by Ralph Lane, they were doomed from the beginning. They arrived too late for planting and supplies were running out quickly. To make things even worse they were rivaling with the neighboring natives. Ralph Lane sealed their fate when he killed the natives chief Wingina. By 1586 Sir Francis Drake who was headed back to England stopped by and Lane and his men had enough. They left the fort behind and headed back to England. Supply ships soon arrived not knowing they had left and f ound the island deserted. They left fifteen men behind to watch the fort. Raleigh was angry with Lane for leaving, but he did not quitShow MoreRelatedWhy Did The British Lose The Revolutionary War?1187 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Did The British Lose the Revolutionary War? Many factors contributed to the British losing the American Revolutionary War. By the 1770’s the American colonists were not socially, religiously, or culturally connected to Britain. The colonists has their own ways of life and thus were not British by culture. The majority of the colonists had immigrated to America to escape the rigid class structures of Britain and Europe. The Americans had lived independently and autonomously from Great BritainRead MoreThe Mystery of the Disappearance of Roanoke1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the lack of supplies and the troubles with natives of the area the settlement was all but doomed from the start. Three years after the initial settlement was founded, in 1587, more English arrived this time there were one hundred and ten colonists that consisted not just of men, but of women and children as well. Women and children were brought to the New World so that the settlement could become a fully functioning society. Of course this idea obviously did not work out as planned. The warRead MoreThe Disappearance Of The Roanoke Island Colony1214 Words   |  5 Pagespost and the letters â€Å"CRO† etched into a nearby tree. 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However, upon discovering a stolen silver cup, the Europeans burned the town of the accused tribe. Another tribe allowed them to settleRead MoreRoanoke Island: the Lost Colony1691 Words   |  7 Pageshopeful colonists from England landed ashore onto a tiny island along the coast of what is today North Carolina. The group unpacked and founded a settlement, Roanoke Island. Then they vanished without a trace. The story of the Lost Colony has fascinated people across four centuries and remains one of the enduring mysteries of early America. There are several theories put forth to explain the disappearance, but despite efforts by historians, archeologists, and other investigators, the fate of theseRead MoreThe Causes of the American Revolution Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesfor money to pay the debts was viewed by Britain as reasonable, while it fueled the fire known as revolution that was stirring up in the hearts of the colonists. This would create a new sense of American political identity and would eventually lead to the American Revolution. Eventually, Britain would soon come to regret marking the spirited colonists as inferior. There were ideas that would spark the flame of revolution much before the word revolution was even spoken of. Republicanism, an idea whereRead MoreThe And New England Colonies956 Words   |  4 Pagesafter the settlers began settling and started living their new lives in the colonies. Since the colonist believed that God dictated their entire lives; they never felt that they were in the wrong. Not once did the colonists stop to think that they had no right to steal the natives’ land. If God had not smitten them, then they thought that God approved of what they were doing. In this case, the colonists were in the process of acquiring land that â€Å"the earth bringeth foorth all things in aboundanceRead MoreThe Inevitability of the American Revolution1736 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous involvement in wars such as the Second Hundred Years’ War, and the Seven Years’ War made the British focus more on their domestic affairs rather than the colonies. The neglect of the colonies was just one of the many reasons the American colonists revolted and declared their independence in 1776. The events that led to American independence was salutary neglect, the events of the Seven Years’ War, the colonies economy following the war which led to the B ritish imposing heavy taxation, theRead MoreThe Mystery Behind The Disappearance Of The Roanoke Colonials1003 Words   |  5 PagesEngland, for the English colonists were in need of more supplies, since planting crops wasn’t at the time a possibility, do to the particular time of the year, and the English were attempting to establish permanent colonies, since previous colonies had failed. Before the disappearance of 17 colonists on the island of Roanoke, initially 108 colonials were at the island, the third attempt the English had made to establish a permanent colony. However, when these 108 colonists were discovered to be deadRead MorePuritans And Native Americans1102 Words   |  5 Pagesinevitable mortal combat between the two groups. The extreme difference in their lifestyles resulted in various disputes, and the New English’s notion of superiority rendered the colonists sensitive and intolerant to pluralism and multiculturalism. As the already alarmed natives we re posed with greater threats from the colonists, the natives needed to fight back in order to protect their identity from being merged into the newcomers’. The Puritans and the Native Americans had led two distinct ways of

What do the poems Churning Day and An Advancement of Learning tell us about Seamus Heaneys childhood Essay Example For Students

What do the poems Churning Day and An Advancement of Learning tell us about Seamus Heaneys childhood Essay Seamus Heaney was born to a rural family, in 1939, in Northern Ireland. Heaney grew up on a farm, as his father was a great farmer. Heaney had great admiration for ordinary farming folk, but did not want to be a farmer himself. His poems often celebrate the skills of the ordinary rural people like the poem Churning Day. He also deals with the loss of childhood innocence and move to adulthood like in An Advancement of Learning. These two poems deal with simple experiences but important. His language is very sensuous. Experiences are evoked by sounds especially onomatopoeia and alliteration. The themes in these poems include family relationships, closeness and security in the family, nature, the love of nature but also the negative view of nature, and moving from childhood to adulthood. For Seamus Heaneys family, Churning Day is an important Day, I say this because Heaney gives the title Day which emphasizes its importance, (for example New Years Day,) it does not happen or occur everyday, (this is just like Churning Day,) it does not take place everyday, so it is special. It is not only the day that is important, but also the time the family spends together. For them Churning Day is the time to make butter but also to spend quality time with their family. It is also a valuable process, because as the title says butter is being made, which is very valuable to them, it is like gold and sunlight to Heaneys family, this is because they can sell the butter, when it is made, and also they can eat it, as they worked very hard to make it and their arms ached and hands blistered. He remembers the day very well, as he describes it in great detail. Heaney gives us a vivid image of what is going on. For example when the butter is made Heaney describes it as gold flecks, which is sight imagery, this goes through the whole poem. And he also takes us through the process (All Stanzas). It is obvious Heaney is writing the poem after the event when he was an adult. This is because he uses complex wording such as gravid ease and also uses past tense moved this shows us that he is narrating the poem after the actual event. And because it is in such detail we can see it was a special day to him, it was one of his memories from childhood. Heaney lived in a simple rural area, in Ireland. His family did not have any machinery to make the butter, they slugged and thumped for hours whereas if they had machinery the work would have been done quick and easier. Heaney had a simple upbringing. Heaney had what he needed and what was necessary, this was because Ireland was slightly behind in Heaneys time. Heaney is exposed to nature quite a lot. Churning Day is all natural as there is no machinery used it starts from the hot brewery which is the cow, this is a metaphor as the cow is not really a hot brewery- but it is what starts the process- to the person churning the butter. Heaneys environment is full of nature coarse-grained as limestone rough-cast this is a simile showing how the thick crust was as rough limestone, which there is a lot of in Ireland. There are no machines to make the butter with; everything is done by hand. They have to do everything by themselves. They put all their hard work into Churning the butter which makes it more valuable. Heaney even contrasts the setting milk to clotting blood, coagulated sunlight, this shows that the milk is beginning to set just like when blood is clotting. There is also a realistic view of the butter, house would stink this shows the smell in the house after the butter was churned, this shows that it was done by hand as if machinery was used then there would not be any smell left over. In Churning Day we can see Heaney is fond of nature as it brings good things, after the hard work, as the butter was made after all the hard work put into it. An Advancement of Learning is very important memory for Heaney as it was when he confronted a rat. We can see it is a very important event, as he would always be deferring the bridge, because it would mean coming face to face with a rat. Compare and Contrast Theater, Poetry and Fiction EssayChurning Day has a slight bit of religion in it, as Heaney uses purified, this is not only for religion but it does remind us of religion. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning there is no mention of religion or there are no words that fit in with religion. Also churning day is like a ritual. And the family is united in the butter making ritual, just like people are united in the church. Heaney appreciates nature in Churning Day as it brings good things, for example butter. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning Heaney does not like nature, he does not appreciate it as much as he does in Churning Day. He thinks of nature as dirty. The atmosphere is very different. Both poems show us that Heaney is from a farming family. There is also a lot of difference in the structure. In Churning Day Heaney uses a full stop at the end of each stanza, his could be to show us the next stage of the process. Also in Churning Day the third stanza is indented, this could be because the butter has gone from liquid to becoming a solid. In An Advancement of Learning Heaney uses a lot of enjambment such as wearing in stanza 1. This could be to continue the poem. But I think he does this to let us imagine the scene before anymore is added. When he uses enjambment in stanza 4 Incredibly then, this builds up the tension and the reader wants to read on. An Advancement of Learning is an allegory. It has two different meanings behind it, not only confronting the rat, but also crossing the bridge from childhood to adulthood. Churning Day is a slight allegory as it brings out ideas of family unity. It shows family closeness as well. There are quite a few differences in the structure of each poem. Churning Day there are only four stanzas, with nine lines in the first and the third and eight lines in the second and last. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning there are eight stanzas with four lines in each stanza. Every line does not start with capital letter and there are very few full stops, they are only there at the change of a stage. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning each line begins with a capital letter. There is an intendment in stanza three this could be because the butter has now turned from liquid to solid. There is not a certain rhyme scheme but the noise and the movement makes up the rhyme scheme, plumping kettles. There is a rhythm but it is difficult to describe. It varies according to what is being described. That is the same as An Advancement of Learning. The poems do not tell us much about Heaneys childhood. Although they do tell us a few points such as his family unity and also his fears. The poem Churning Day does tell us that he is happy in the simple rural life. Both the poems are very different as in Churning Day Heaney is with his family and they go through the whole process together. Whereas in An Advancement of Learning he is alone and has to come face to face with the rat himself. Heaney shows his childhood to be secure in Churning Day. I can slightly relate Churning Day to myself, and that is only the family unity. But I cannot relate An Advancement of Learning to myself, as I have not really come across anything like it. The best element of Churning Day is the family unity and also security because it shows the love the family has for each other. The best element of An Advancement of Learning is when Heaney crosses the bridge and confronts his fear and moves on as it shows bravery and courage, and victory because he stood up to the rat. Both poems are good in their own ways.

Aerotoxic Syndrome

Question: Discuss about theAerotoxic Syndrome. Answer: Introduction For the operation of any aircraft, there are a huge number of materials that are used and contain significant toxicities, with some hazardous ingredients. These materials need care, as some of the unwanted exposure either short term or long term may be induced some symptoms of toxicitys toxicity indicates the possibility of the discrete occupational health condition due to the leakage of engine oil, jet fuel and seal failure etc. and additional the lower oxygen level in the cabin of planes flying at altitude, known as Aerotoxic syndrome (Michaelis, 2016). This report outlines the nature of Aerotoxic Syndrome that may affect the health of the crew member and passengers as well as affecting the stakeholders as a business point of view. The report also describes the controversies related to this syndrome and the potential solutions. It also identifies the appropriate measures to risk control regarding Aerotoxic Syndrome. Nature of Aerotoxic Syndrome The Aerotoxic Syndrome causing an effect like memory loss, blurred vision, nausea, as in flights the cabin crew and the passengers can be directly showing to touch chemicals on aircraft can produce symptoms of toxicity for a long term. The symptoms related to aerotoxic include neuropsychological effects and chemical intoxication (Hocking, 2005). Aerotoxic Syndromes presents noteworthy issues and can be directly or indirectly effects on the stakeholders of the airline industries, the following points describe the problematic effects on the stakeholders- Health of Staff The stakeholders want to achieve the desired goal of the business with the support of healthy staff. When the staff member is not healthy and effective, its not an easy for the stakeholders to run their business smoothly and profitably (Hocking, 2005). The airline stakeholders suffer from an Aerotoxic syndrome due to its ill effects that create an unhealthy environment for a business. Image of the Business The important effect on the stakeholders, due to the aerotoxic syndromes is that it affects the airline image in the market. When the pilots and cabin crew members are incapable of performing his duty during emergencies due to the Aerotoxic syndrome it may affect the image of the airline business and to the stakeholders (Ramsden, 2014). Job Security The staff members of the airlines are always worried regarding the job security, as at present Aerotoxic syndrome is a hidden problem and there are few cases that are going on in the court, little amount of compensation has been given to the airline workers affected by the syndromes (Parsons, 2011). The situation has become critical for the stakeholders regarding the job security of the workers. Controversies Related to Aerotoxic Syndrome There is controversy over the existence of Aerotoxic Syndrome, this term and illness has been not recognized medically. The main controversy is related to the bleed-air, as all the commercial planes except Boeing uses the bleed- air system for the air breathed by the crew members and the passengers. During flight and the crew is polluted by the low-level concentration of poisonous chemicals that are coming from the engines, and this air have been blamed for causing Aerotoxic syndromes in number of pilots and the cabin crew members (Ramsden, 2014). However, the airline industry claims that there is no evidence of any connection Solution The effective and potential solutions are needed for the controversies. Every airline company has to establish and understand a relation between exposure and chronic ill health. It is impossible in the absence of routine air quality monitoring on commercial planes and to determine about the chemicals enter the cabin and in what quantity. Hence, the better solution is to understand and have knowledge about the exposure occurrence and at which level of this exposure can be improved (Hocking, 2005). It is better to identify the hazards or the side effects of the Aerotoxic syndrome. After the identification of the hazards, it becomes easy to measure the risk control process. It is important to estimate the risk level of the syndrome and their acceptability due to containing air toxic chemicals, seal leakage problem and so on. Risk evaluation is used as a priority action by the airline industry to control the problem of the Aerotoxic syndrome and to minimize health risks (Ramsden, 2014). The airline should take proper actions when their staff members request and give indications of Aerotoxic syndrome and they may be not able to fly. The actions taken by the airlines will be beneficial for their business growth as well as it may increase the faith and loyalty of the staff over airline industry. Suggestions Ensure the staff members that the management takes care and concern about their health issues. The company tries to improve the quality of engines with effective new technologies. A less toxic oil formulation would be applied for the improvement of air chemicals. References Hocking, M. (2005).Air quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces. Berlin: Springer. Michaelis, S. (2016). O27-3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Aerotoxic syndrome fact or fallacy?Occupational And Environmental Medicine,73( 1), 51.-53. Parsons, P. (2011). Economic consequences of ignorance about aerotoxic syndrome.Journal Of Biological Physics And Chemistry,11(4), 208 Ramsden, J. (2014). Is there such a thing as aerotoxic syndrome?.JBPC,14(4), 113-116.

49 Commonly Misused Words and Phrases

Have you ever wondered if youre using the right word? Like it sounds like the right thing to say in an essay, but you arent quite sure. Surprisingly enough, we misuse a lot more words than we think, and its definitely hurting how your writing is coming across.Weve put together this list to help you get avoid some of the more common mistakes.Many of the words and expressions here listed are not so much bad English as bad style, the commonplaces of careless writing. As illustrated under  Feature, the proper correction is likely to be not the replacement of one word or set of words by another, but the replacement of vague generality by definite statement.Heres our list of 49 commonly misused words and phrases and what you can do instead:1. All right.  Idiomatic in familiar speech as a detached phrase in the sense, Agreed, or Go ahead. In other uses better avoided. Always written as two words.2. As good or better than.  Expressions of this type should be corrected by rearranging th e sentence.My opinion is as good or better than his.My opinion is as good as his, or better (if not better).3. As to whether.  Whether  is sufficient.4. Bid.  Takes the infinitive without to. The past tense is bade.5. Case.  The  Concise Oxford Dictionary  begins its definition of this word: instance of a things occurring; usual state of affairs. In these two senses, the word is usually unnecessary.In many cases, the rooms were poorly ventilated.Many of the rooms were poorly ventilated.It has rarely been the case that any mistake has been made.Few mistakes have been made.See Wood,  Suggestions to Authors, pp. 68-71, and Quiller-Couch,  The Art of Writing, pp. 103-106.6. Certainly.  Used indiscriminately by some speakers, much as others use  very, to intensify any and every statement. A mannerism of this kind, bad in speech, is even worse in writing.7. Character.  Often simply redundant, used from a mere habit of wordiness.Acts of a hostile characterHostile acts 8. Claim, vb.  With object-noun, means  lay claim to. May be used with a dependent clause if this sense is clearly involved: He claimed that he was the sole surviving heir.  (But even here, claimed to be would be better.)  Not to be used as a substitute for  declare, maintain, or  charge.9. Compare.  To  compare to  is to point out or imply resemblances, between objects regarded as essentially of different order; to  compare with  is mainly to point out differences, between objects regarded as essentially of the same order. Thus life has been compared to a pilgrimage, to a drama, to a battle; Congress may be compared with the British Parliament. Paris has been compared to ancient Athens; it may be compared with modern London.10. Clever.  This word has been greatly overused; it is best restricted to ingenuity displayed in small matters.11. Consider.  Not followed by as when it means, believe to be. I consider him thoroughly competent. Compare, The lecturer c onsidered Cromwell first as soldier and second as administrator, where considered means examined or discussed.12. Dependable.  A needless substitute for  reliable, trustworthy.13. Due to.  Incorrectly used for  through, because of, or  owing to, in adverbial phrases: He lost the first game, due to carelessness. In correct use related as predicate or as modifier to a particular noun: This invention is due to Edison; losses due to preventable fires.14. Effect.  As noun, means  result; as verb, means  to bring about, accomplish  (not to be confused with affect, which means to influence).As noun, often loosely used in perfunctory writing about fashions, music, painting, and other arts: an Oriental effect; effects in pale green; very delicate effects; broad effects; subtle effects; a charming effect was produced by. The writer who has a definite meaning to express will not take refuge in such vagueness.15. Etc.  Not to be used of persons. Equivalent to  and the rest , and so forth, and hence not to be used if one of these would be insufficient, that is, if the reader would be left in doubt as to any important particulars. Least open to objection when it represents the last terms of a list already given in full, or immaterial words at the end of a quotation.At the end of a list introduced  by such as, for example, or any similar expression,  etc.  is incorrect.16. Fact.  Use this word only of matters of a kind capable of direct verification, not of matters of judgment. That a particular event happened on a given date, that lead melts at a certain temperature, are facts. But such conclusions as that Napoleon was the greatest of modern generals, or that the climate of California is delightful, however incontestable they may be, are not properly facts.17. Factor.  A hackneyed word; the expressions of which it forms part can usually be replaced by something more direct and idiomatic.His superior training was the great factor in his winning the match.He won the match by being better trained.Heavy artillery is becoming an increasingly important factor in deciding battles.Heavy artillery is playing a larger and larger part in deciding battles.18. Feature.  Another hackneyed word; like  factor  it usually adds nothing to the sentence in which it occurs.A feature of the entertainment especially worthy of mention was the singing of Miss A.(Better use the same number of words to tell what Miss A. sang, or if the programme has already been given, to tell something of how she sang.)As a verb, in the advertising sense  of offer as a special attraction,  to be avoided.19. Fix.  Colloquial in America for  arrange, prepare, mend. In writing restrict it to its literary senses,  fasten, make firm or immovable, etc.(Many of the words and expressions here listed are not so much bad English as bad style, the commonplaces of careless writing. As illustrated under Feature, the proper correction is likely to be not the re placement of one word or set of words by another, but the replacement of vague generality by definite statement.)20. He is a man who.  A common type of redundant expression.He is a man who is very ambitious.He is very ambitious.Spain is a country which I have always wanted to visit.I have always wanted to visit Spain.21. However.  In the meaning  nevertheless, not to come first in its sentence or clause.The roads were almost impassable. However, we at last succeeded in reaching camp.The roads were almost impassable. At last, however, we succeeded in reaching camp.When however comes first, it means  in whatever way  or  to whatever extent.However you advise him, he will probably do as he thinks best.However discouraging the prospect, he never lost heart.22. Kind of.  Not to be used as a substitute for  rather  (before adjectives and verbs), or except in familiar style, for  something like  (before nouns). Restrict it to its literal sense: Amber is a kind of foss il resin; I dislike that kind of notoriety. The same holds true of sort of.23. Less.  Should not be misused for  fewer.He had less men than in the previous campaign.He had fewer men than in the previous campaign.Less  refers to quantity,  fewer  to number. His troubles are less than mine means His troubles are not so great as mine. His troubles are fewer than mine means His troubles are not so numerous as mine. It is, however, correct to say, The signers of the petition were less than a hundred, where the round number, a hundred, is something like a collective noun, and less is thought of as meaning a less quantity or amount.24. Line, along these lines.  Line  in the sense of  course of procedure, conduct, thought,  is allowable, but has been so much overworked, particularly in the phrase  along these lines, that a writer who aims at freshness or originality had better discard it entirely.Mr. B. also spoke along the same lines.Mr. B. also spoke, to the same effec t.He is studying along the line of French literature.He is studying French literature.25. Literal, literally.  Often incorrectly used in support of exaggeration or violent metaphor.A literal flood of abuseA flood of abuseLiterally dead with fatigueAlmost dead with fatigue (dead tired)26. Lose out.  Meant to be more emphatic than  lose, but actually less so, because of its commonness. The same holds true of  try out, win out, sign up, register up. With a number of verbs,  out  and  up  form idiomatic combinations:  find out, run out, turn out, cheer up, dry up, make up, and others, each distinguishable in meaning from the simple verb.  Lose out  is not.27. Most.  Not to be used for  almost.Most everybodyAlmost everybodyMost all the timeAlmost all the time(Many of the words and expressions here listed are not so much bad English as bad style, the commonplaces of careless writing. As illustrated under Feature, the proper correction is likely to be not the repl acement of one word or set of words by another, but the replacement of vague generality by definite statement.)28. Nature.  Often simply redundant, used like  character.Acts of a hostile natureHostile actsOften vaguely used in such expressions as a lover of nature; poems about nature. Unless more specific statements follow, the reader cannot tell whether the poems have to do with natural scenery, rural life, the sunset, the untracked wilderness, or the habits of squirrels.29. Near by.  Adverbial phrase, not yet fully accepted as good English, though the analogy of  close by  and  hard by  seems to justify it.  Near, or  near at hand, is as good, if not better.Not to be used as an adjective; use  neighboring.30. Oftentimes, ofttimes.  Archaic forms, no longer in good use. The modern word is  often.31. One hundred and one.  Retain the and in this and similar expressions, in accordance with the unvarying usage of English prose from Old English times.32. One of the most.  Avoid beginning essays or paragraphs with this formula, as, One of the most interesting developments of modern science is, etc.; Switzerland is one of the most interesting countries of Europe. There is nothing wrong in this; it is simply threadbare and forcible-feeble.33. People.  The people  is a political term, not to be confused with  the public. From the people comes political support or opposition; from the public comes artistic appreciation or commercial patronage.The word  people  is not to be used with words of number, in place of  persons. If of six people five went away, how many people would be left?34. Phase.  Means a stage of transition or development: the phases of the moon; the last phase. Not to be used for  aspect  or  topic.Another phase of the subjectAnother point (another question)35. Possess.  Not to be used as a mere substitute for  have  or  own.He possessed great courage.He had great courage (was very brave).He was th e fortunate possessor ofHe owned36. Respective, respectively.  These words may usually be omitted with advantage.Works of fiction are listed under the names of their respective authors.Works of fiction are listed under the names of their authors.The one mile and two mile runs were won by Jones and Cummings respectively.The one mile and two mile runs were won by Jones and by Cummings.In some kinds of formal writing, as in geometrical proofs, it may be necessary to use  respectively, but it should not appear in writing on ordinary subjects.37. So.  Avoid, in writing, the use of so as an intensifier: so good; so warm; so delightful.38. Sort of.  See under  Kind of.39. State.  Not to be used as a mere substitute for say, remark. Restrict it to the sense of  express full or clearly, as, He refused to state his objections.40. Student body.  A needless and awkward expression, meaning no more than the simple word  students.A member of the student bodyA studentPopular with the student bodyLiked by the studentsThe student body passed resolutions.The students passed resolutions.41. System.  Frequently used without need.Dayton has adopted the commission system of government.Dayton has adopted government by commission.The dormitory systemDormitories(Many of the words and expressions here listed are not so much bad English as bad style, the commonplaces of careless writing. As illustrated under Feature, the proper correction is likely to be not the replacement of one word or set of words by another, but the replacement of vague generality by definite statement.)42. Thanking you in advance.  This sounds as if the writer meant, It will not be worth my while to write to you again. Simply write, Thanking you, and if the favor which you have requested is granted, write a letter of acknowledgment.43. They.  A common inaccuracy is the use of the plural pronoun when the antecedent is a distributive expression such as  each, each one, everybody, every one, many a man,  which, though implying more than one person, requires the pronoun to be in the singular. Similar to this, but with even less justification, is the use of the plural pronoun with the antecedent  anybody, any one, somebody, some one, the intention being either to avoid the awkward he or she, or to avoid committing oneself to either. Some bashful speakers even say, A friend of mine told me that they, etc.Use  he  with all the above words, unless the antecedent is or must be feminine.44. Very.  Use this word sparingly. Where emphasis is necessary, use words strong in themselves.45. Viewpoint.  Write  point of view, but do not misuse this, as many do, for  view  or  opinion.46. While.  Avoid the indiscriminate use of this word for  and, but, and  although. Many writers use it frequently as a substitute for  and  or  but, either from a mere desire to vary the connective, or from uncertainty which of the two connectives is the more appropriate. In this use it is best replaced by a semicolon.The office and salesrooms are on the ground floor, while the rest of the building is devoted to manufacturing.The office and salesrooms are on the ground floor; the rest of the building is devoted to manufacturing.Its use as a virtual equivalent of  although  is allowable in sentences where this leads to no ambiguity or absurdity.While I admire his energy, I wish it were employed in a better cause.This is entirely correct, as shown by the paraphrase,I admire his energy; at the same time I wish it were employed in a better cause.Compare:While the temperature reaches 90 or 95 degrees in the daytime, the nights are often chilly.Although the temperature reaches 90 or 95 degrees in the daytime, the nights are often chilly.The paraphrase,The temperature reaches 90 or 95 degrees in the daytime; at the same time the nights are often chilly,shows why the use of  while  is incorrect.In general, the writer will do well to use  while  o nly with strict literalness, in the sense of  during the time that.47. Whom.  Often incorrectly used for  who  before  he said  or similar expressions, when it is really the subject of a following verb.His brother, whom he said would send him the moneyHis brother, who he said would send him the moneyThe man whom he thought was his friendThe man who (that) he thought was his friend (whom he thought his friend)48. Worth while.  Overworked as a term of vague approval and  (with not)  of disapproval. Strictly applicable only to actions: Is it worth while to telegraph?His books are not worth while.His books are not worth reading (not worth ones while to read; do not repay reading).The use of  worth while  before a noun  (a worth while story)  is indefensible.49. Would.  A conditional statement in the first person requires  should, not  would.I should not have succeeded without his help.The equivalent of  shall  in indirect quotation after a verb in the past tense is  should, not  would.He predicted that before long we should have a great surprise.To express habitual or repeated action, the past tense, without  would, is usually sufficient, and from its brevity, more emphatic.Once a year he would visit the old mansion.Once a year he visited the old mansion.

Free Essays on Restoration Review “The Last Supper“

Restoration Drama In my opinion the restoration of the â€Å"Last Supper† by Leonardo De Vinci was necessary to salvage at least part of Leonardo’s original work. I have always appreciated the character that years of patina add to furniture and probably would have appreciated the same in the â€Å"Last Supper†. If I were to have seen it prior to it’s restoration and was unaware of all the previous attempts I would have felt they should have left it alone and would have thought the restoration was too much. Keeping in mind that Barcilon did uncover some of Leonardo’s original work was worth the restoration. I do however believe that the retouching should have been done in the same mediums as the original works and a protective coating adhered for future preservation.... Free Essays on Restoration Review â€Å"The Last Supperâ€Å" Free Essays on Restoration Review â€Å"The Last Supperâ€Å" Restoration Drama In my opinion the restoration of the â€Å"Last Supper† by Leonardo De Vinci was necessary to salvage at least part of Leonardo’s original work. I have always appreciated the character that years of patina add to furniture and probably would have appreciated the same in the â€Å"Last Supper†. If I were to have seen it prior to it’s restoration and was unaware of all the previous attempts I would have felt they should have left it alone and would have thought the restoration was too much. Keeping in mind that Barcilon did uncover some of Leonardo’s original work was worth the restoration. I do however believe that the retouching should have been done in the same mediums as the original works and a protective coating adhered for future preservation....

Case study in business competitve strategy Essay

Case study in business competitve strategy - Essay Example The main problem was the hygiene factor that the plant lacked in and CFIA recommended shutting down the plant in Winnipeg for the purpose of deep cleaning and revised cleaning protocols (Ewing, 2006). The external constraints in this case are that after the news became prominent in the media and newspapers, the customers were reluctant to buy their products. The Company CEO however assured the mass that the health and safety of the million Canadian families are their responsibility and they will take care of it. But few internal constraints made it difficult for the company to improve its grounded image before the customers. One of the employee of another plant of Oaktree Mills tweeted confidential news on social networking site. The female employee did not limit herself to the leakage of the confidential news of the company only but also blamed the company for using unsafe practices for processing of meat. She even informed the mass by tweeting not to trust the company and their pro ducts and to beware of the company’s false assurance. The Director of Communications and the Human Resource Head of Oaktree Mills are shocked to see the deed of the employee. The problem that was faced by the company was mainly because it did not have any social media policy. As the company did not have the policy thus they could not take any step against the female employee. The CEO of the company has the least to do other than ordering the director and human resource head to look after the situation seriously and take appropriate steps for handling the situations (Ewing, 2006). Situation analysis Oaktree Mills is a family owned large meat processing company based in Calgary and the processing firms are in Winnipeg, Montreal and Toronto. The company is famous for the product quality it serves to its customers. It has created good relation with their employees and concentrates highly on the retention of the employees, when other companies go for layoffs. It has also undertake n corporate social responsibility activities, so as to take care of the environment it works in and also their neighbours. Recently, the uninterrupted business faced a serious situation, which harmed the image of the company. About 13 peoples in Saskatchewan were hospitalized after being affected from salmonella poisoning. The situation was noticed by Canadian Public Health Authority, who informed the matter to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). CFIA investigated the matter and found that the illness was due to consumption of the sandwich meats. They identified the fact that the methods that are undertaken by the Winnipeg processing plant are not adequate for the hygiene factor that a processing plant should possess. The agency reported that the two industrial meat grinders are not clean and thus it processed the meats in an unhygienic manner. The agency even recommended the company to shut down the plant in Winnipeg for deep cleaning and for revising the cleaning protocols . Oaktree declared the suspension of operation of the plant and assured full cooperation with CFIA. Thus, 1.2 million kilogram of processed meat products was recalled. The Director of Communication, Ashok Fraser worked together with the senior management for controlling the situation and informed the public to avoid causing panic

Writer's choice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Writer's choice - Coursework Example ons, she also advocates for teamwork that is the reason she makes sure that I go with her to the meeting and more so she acts to the interest of the company. In our meeting, Curt becomes too rigid to listen to our suggestions, he only want us to consider his suggestions. Such rigidity makes the two come into a clear misunderstanding and makes them seem like they do not like each other. Therefore, the meeting later turns to be very competitive as Felicia also on the other side stops to listen to Curt and instead tries to have the last word on every topic. Such an incidence makes me worry losing the best and very important client of our company. Therefore, I recommend that in the near future during such meetings with Midcontinent Midstream, the company should appoint another person to represent us in place of Felicia since she does not come to a common understanding with Curt. Curt also should be more considerate of

Fitness Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fitness Industry - Assignment Example Approximately 78% out of the total population of 4.6 million belong to the 15-64 years old age bracket which represents the target market of the fitness club of Global PLC Ventures. Another 20% of the total population is below 15 years old. These two population segments comprise the future consumers of the new fitness centres in Dubai. The extremely robust private sector growth has created the need for new workers. Dubai had received US $32 trillion dollars in foreign direct investment that had funded the construction of new office buildings, residential towers and condominium residences in 2007 and 2008. These new businesses require many new workers. The labour force has increased to 4% per annum as new companies and enterprises open next year. Expatriate workers have been hired to work in new companies. Dubai has a very young and growing population: 47% of its population are below 15 years old. This fast-growing young population and the business executives are the target market of the Fitness business of Global PLC Ventures for its health and fitness business.Dubai has an open policy towards foreign businesses. It allows 100% foreign ownership and offers tax breaks to foreign companies. The most interesting development of Dubai is the three man-made islands: The Palm Islands, The s The Palm Dubai and The Palms. The project is being handled by Al Nakheel Properties. This property development will establish new residential, leisure, and entertainment areas. The two man-made artificial palm tree-shaped resort islands established Dubai's position as a top tourist destination in the Middle East. The Palm Islands is now... This paper approves that nutrition, exercise and a healthy lifestyle are becoming achievable goals with the establishment of fitness clubs in various parts of the world. Most of the fitness clubs offer state-of-the-art exercise equipment, individualized personal fitness training, group classes and nutrition advice. Indeed, the fitness industry is an emerging sector which can capture a wide and affluent clientele in carefully chosen business sites of Global PLC Ventures. The company must choose very interesting locations such as developed economies which guarantee growth and profitability for its fitness operations. This essay makes a cocnclusion that in terms of the bargaining power of buyers, it will be low since most of the consumers get high salaries as executives and employees of government firms and government controlled corporations. There are also many citizens who are working in multinational corporations as key executives. Public and private corporations give very high compensation and benefits packages for the citizens. Hence, the possibility of establishing fitness centres is nil for Brunei and Dubai citizens and residents as they do not have the appropriate technical training and business knowledge pertinent to management of a fitness business. In terms of the bargaining power of suppliers, it will be low because the fitness gym business is highly capital intensive due to high rental costs, high human resource costs and high maintenance costs of the equipment. A regular supplier of gym equipment cannot just easily venture into the fitness gym business; he must have a high capital.

Von Economo Neurons and Self-Awareness

Von Economo Neurons and Self-Awareness Joshua McCosker Von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar neurons found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), frontoinsular cortex (FI) and dorsolateral prefrontal area (DLPA) in the brains of humans, and to a lesser extent, the great apes, several cetaceans and elephants. It is believed that they arose independently within these species due to evolutionary pressure that required the rapid transmission and cognitive processing of social information in animals with large highly convoluted brains and complex social behaviours (Hakeem et al., 2009). Research has suggestedsuggests that the evolution of these neurons underlie the emergence of intuition, higher emotional cognitive functions and self-referential processes. This suggests an intriguing connection with the subjective conscious experience and self-conscious awareness (Critchley Seth, 2012). To investigate this connection between VENs and self-awareness it is necessary to examine the known behavioural functions of the ACC and FI, along w ith the evolution of these structures and the integration with this novel class of neuron. Furthermore, the higher social functions attributed to VENs and how these are related to awareness of consciousness self will be discussed in light of research that shows a correlation between the degeneration of VENs in several neuro-psychiatric disorders that leads to devastating deficits in conscious awareness and social skills (Butti, Santos, Uppal, Hof, 2013). The ACC and FI are found in the paralimbic cortex (also known as mesocortex) of the mammalian brain and represents a relatively ancient region that has recently gone through a period of evolutionary adaptive changes in humans and is directly connected to limbic structures while providing a transition to higher neocortical regions (Brà ¼ne et al., 2010; William W. Seeley et al., 2006). These paralimbic structures show increased connectivity with the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and septum; the septum is involved in social memory and the development of trust in humans (Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Park, 2011). It is hypothesised that this enhanced connectivity is mediated by VENs that project from the FI and ACC to these structures providing functional integration with of somatosensory input and higher cognitive emotional processes leading to the emergence of intuition, social and self-awareness and the ability to empathise (Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Manaye, et al., 201 1; Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Park, 2011). AIC as the input sensory region and ACC as the output control region (Craig, 2009; W. W. Seeley et al., 2007). The evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex gave rise to the neocortex in mammals leading to a volumetric increase in humans of several-hundred times over that of lower primates (Nimchinsky et al., 1999). However, the types of neurons found within the brain have remained relatively constant (Nimchinsky et al., 1999; William W. Seeley et al., 2006). In 1926 Constantin Von Economo first described the cortical distribution and morphology of a novel class of neuron as being spindle like in form and of unusual length (Butti et al., 2013).. Von Economo neurons are large bipolar projection neurons that are relatively recent on the evolutionary path (Allman, Watson, Tetreault, Hakeem, 2005). They have large axons that bidirectionally connect the ACC to the FI and in turn to other structures of the brain between the limbic cortex and neocortex; suggesting a role in the rapid transmission of sensory information between these structures. Although VENs have been found in the FI and ACC of species other than great apes and homonids the cells are not found in the concentrated clusters that have been described in higher primates (Bauernfeind et al., 2013). It is interesting to note that volumetric studies have shown that the evolutionary expansion in size of the FI in primates is disproportionately greater to overall brain expansion by 36% and the total volume of the FI is about 4 times larger in humans compared to that of the chimpanzee (Bauernfeind et al., 2013). Furthermore, it is known that the vast majority of VENs develop during the first 8 months of life (Allman et al., 2010) . and this coincides with the emergence of stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and increased verbal skills (Hoffnung et al., 2013). These studies support the suggestion that the FI and ACC are intricately involved in enhancing social behaviours through the utilization of subjective emotional states in applying empathy toward others. ReseachResearch hasis showning a relationship between complex social and emotional processes and the advanced cognitive abilities that underlie the ability of self-recognition (Hunter, 2010). The mirror self-recognition test is used to assess self-awareness in animals and was developed by Gordon G. Gallup (1970) during his work with chimpanzees and self-recognition. In humans the ability to recognise the ‘self’ in a mirror image develops between the ages of 18 and 24 months and this coincides with the development of other indicators of social and self-awareness such as the ability to empathise (Hunter, 2010). As previously mentioned there is a rapid development of VENs during the first year of life and this development continues to age 4 when VEN numbers align to those of adult (Allman et al., 2010). The hypothesised role of VENs in higher cognitive functions and self-conscious awareness is supported by research that has shown the involvement of VENs in the pathogenesis of a number of neuropsychiatric and behavioural conditions that are characterised by deficits in emotional and social functioning, the ability to empathise, impairment of affective language and alterations in conscious awareness (Kaufman et al., 2008). Stereological research suggests that these conditions may be due to the failure of VENs to develop normally or the degeneration of these cells within the ACC and FI (Allman et al., 2005; Butti et al., 2013). This is evident in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) where patients present with a severe reduction in social judgement, empathy and the ability to self-monitor leading to sociopathic behaviour (William W. Seeley et al., 2006). In a study conducted by William W. Seeley et al. (2006) it was shown that FTD is characterised by early injury to the ACC and FI involving e arly, severe and selective VENs loss of 74% compared to controls. Similarly, patients with early onset schizophrenia are characterised by a reduced volume of the ACC showing a significant reduction in the density of VENs (Allman et al., 2010; Brà ¼ne et al., 2010). People with schizophrenia show a broad range of impaired social skills characterised by severe disturbance of cognitive processes and self-conscious awareness giving rise to symptoms that include delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thought and speech, disorganised and catatonic behaviour, poverty of speech and lack of, or inappropriate, responses to socio-emotional cues (Nolen-hoeksema, 2007). Recent research has suggested a connection between these VENs containing areas, self-referential processes and the subjective conscious experience of awareness (Allman et al., 2005; Craig, 2009; William W. Seeley et al., 2006). The evolutionary motivation underlying these adaptations may well have been due to the rise of species living in complex social groups that required the rapid intuitive assessment of social interactions and the ability to differentiate between the needs of oneself and those of others and this may have led to the ability to empathise with the emotional state and needs of individuals within the social structure (Allman et al., 2010; Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Park, 2011; Hakeem et al., 2009). We shall consider a model of consciousness where the FI serves to integrate bottom-up interoceptive sensory information with top-down predictions and modulations from higher level prefrontal cortical areas and the ACC generating a state of awareness (Gu, Hof, Friston, Fan , 2013). It is hypothesised that VENs mediate a rapid bidirectional feedback between the integration of sensory information in the AIC and the adaptive behavioral responses mediated by the ACC (Allman et al., 2005). Interoception is the integration of somatosensory information leading to a sense of the physiological state of the body, giving rise to a cortical image or representation of self (Craig, 2002, 2009). In humans the interoceptive network is mediated via afferent spinothalamic neurons projecting to the ventromedial nucleus which is significantly larger in humans than other primates; non-primates are unable to experience body feelings in the same manner as humans do due to the lack of the specific afferent spinothalamocortical pathway involved in â€Å"direct interoceptive representation† (Craig, 2002). This homeostatic information is relayed to the anterior insular cortex where there is a re-representation of this interoceptive cortical image and the ACC is involved in the active modulation of the feeling represented by this image in response to cognitive assessment from the orbitofrontal cortex (Allman et al., 2005; Craig, 2002, 2009; William W. Seeley et al., 2006)(Craig, 2002, 2009; Seeley, 2006; Allman, 2005). It is also worth noting that this top-down cognitive assessment could involve conscious internal dialog and suggests the co-evolution of language and consciousness and that we are conscious in a human sense because we have language. Language is not only used for external communication but internally as parts of our thought processes defining our current mental state and by extension is a defining the broader and more complex brain state (Arbib, 2001). The above research shows that VENs are intricately involved in the convergence of somatosensory information via a highly evolved thalamacortical pathway to the paralimbic structure of the AIC in which emerges an integrated cortical image. Bidirectional signaling between between the AIC, ACC and multiple areas of the brain is mediate via VENs and is a contiual feedback loop that assesses and updates this cortical self-image utilising contextual cues derived from the environment and past experiences accessed from long term memory via hippocampal projections. The AIC cortical self-representation is modulated with emotional context and predictive behavioural responses. References Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Manaye, K. F., Semendeferi, K., Erwin, J. M., . . . Hof, P. R. (2010). The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans. Brain Structure and Function, 214(5-6), 495-517. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-010-0254-0 Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Manaye, K. F., Semendeferi, K., Erwin, J. M., . . . Hof, P. R. (2011). The von Economo neurons in the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1225(1), 59-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06011.x Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Park, S. (2011). The von economo neurons in apes and humans. American Journal of Human Biology, 23(1), 5-21. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21136 Allman, J. M., Watson, K. K., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y. (2005). Intuition and autism: a possible role for Von Economo neurons. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(8), 367-373. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.06.008 Arbib, M. A. (2001). Co-Evolution of Human Consciousness and Language. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 929(1), 195-220. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05717.x Bauernfeind, A. L., de Sousa, A. A., Avasthi, T., Dobson, S. D., Raghanti, M. A., Lewandowski, A. H., . . . Sherwood, C. C. (2013). A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates. Journal of Human Evolution, 64(4), 263-279. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.12.003 Brà ¼ne, M., Schà ¶bel, A., Karau, R., Benali, A., Faustmann, P. M., Juckel, G., Petrasch-parwez, E. (2010). Von Economo neuron density in the anterior cingulate cortex is reduced in early onset schizophrenia. Acta Neuropathologica, 119(6), 771-778. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-010-0673-2 Butti, C., Santos, M., Uppal, N., Hof, P. R. (2013). Von Economo neurons: Clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Cortex, 49(1), 312-326. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.10.004 Craig, A. D. (2002). How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat Rev Neurosci, 3(8), 655-666. Craig, A. D. (2009). How do you feel now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(1), 59-70. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2555 Critchley, H., Seth, A. (2012). Will Studies of Macaque Insula Reveal the Neural Mechanisms of Self-Awareness? Neuron, 74(3), 423-426. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.012 Gordon G. Gallup, Jr. (1970). Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition. Science, 167(3914), 86-87. doi: 10.2307/1728199 Gu, X., Hof, P. R., Friston, K. J., Fan, J. (2013). Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 521(15), 3371-3388. doi: 10.1002/cne.23368 Hakeem, A. Y., Sherwood, C. C., Bonar, C. J., Butti, C., Hof, P. R., Allman, J. M. (2009). Von Economo Neurons in the Elephant Brain. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 292(2), 242-248. doi: 10.1002/ar.20829 Hoffnung, M., Hoffnung, R. J., Seifert, K. L., Smith, R. B., Hine, A., Ward, L., PauseÃÅ' , C. (2013). Lifespan development : a chronological approach (Second Australasian Edition ed.): Milton, Qld. John Wiley and Sons Australia. Hunter, P. (2010). The basis of morality. EMBO Reports, 11(3), 166-169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2010.19 Kaufman, J., Paul, L., Manaye, K., Granstedt, A., Hof, P., Hakeem, A., Allman, J. (2008). Selective reduction of Von Economo neuron number in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Acta Neuropathologica, 116(5), 479-489. doi: 10.1007/s00401-008-0434-7 Nimchinsky, E. A., Gilissen, E., Allman, J. M., Perl, D. P., Erwin, J. M., Hof, P. R. (1999). A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(9), 5268-5273. Nolen-hoeksema, S. (2007). Abnormal psychology (E. Barrosse Ed.  ¤4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Seeley, W. W., Carlin, D. A., Allman, J. M., Macedo, M. N., Bush, C., Miller, B. L., DeArmond, S. J. (2006). Early frontotemporal dementia targets neurons unique to apes and humans. Ann Neurol, 60(6), 660-667. doi: 10.1002/ana.21055 Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., . . . Greicius, M. D. (2007). Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J Neurosci, 27(9), 2349-2356. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007

Sylvia Plaths Mirror Essay -- Papers Sylvia Plath Poem Poetry Essays

Sylvia Plath's Mirror Sylvia Plath's "Mirror" offers a unique perspective on the attitudes of aging. "Mirror" displays tremendous insight and objectivity into the natural human behavior of growing older. Plath is able to emphasize the loneliness, hope, despair, and insecurity that awaits us through mankind's incessant addiction with reflection. "Mirror" expresses the problems associated with aging through terse comparisons between reality and desire. Plathe's strength of "Mirror" lies in its ability to establish a solid comparison among appearance and human emotions between the first and second stanzas. At first "Mirror" introduces reflection as a precise and accurate force through utilizing the first person perspective of a mirror: "I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see I swallow immediately Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike. I am not cruel, only truthful.." (Plathe lines 1-4) This example can then be viewed symbolically of appearance especially concerning "love or dislike". In that people never hate nor adore their features but merely accept that what they see is what defines them. This faith is reinforced by the quality and type of reflection because it is originating from a mirror which is suppose to be exact, honest, and universal for all. Plathe understanding these principles describes the reflection process by instilling this object with living characteristics such as thought, sight, and a lifestyle: "Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. I have looked at it so long I think it is part of my heartà ¢? ¦Faces and darkness separate us over and over." (Pl... ... that not only destroys our reflection but also ones sense of identity, purpose, and confidence. The critical comparisons found in Sylvia Plath's "mirror" portray a distinctive attitude towards aging. Through contrasting the two separate stanzas the messages of desire, reality, individuality, fear, and insecurity are all demonstrated. Once the essence of Plathe's attitude is unlocked in "mirror" the emotion behind the writing is seen as the motivation for a tone that displays intense longing or weariness towards life. This becomes epitomized throughout Plathe's presentation as it utilizes age as a catalyst for the deterioration of the human spirit. Works Cited: Plath, Sylvia. ?Mirror.? The Language of Literature: American Literature. Eds. Arthur N. Applebee et al. Evanston: McDougal Littel, 1997. 252.

A dollar a day language analysis Essay

Recently, in the Daily Telegraph Angus McDonald wrote an opinion piece about how Indian children are being exploited for cheap labour and how the government is not dealing with the problem as Angus believes they are accountable for the responsibility. This issue has recently blown up in the media, due to the recent information about the average day of a child labour living in India. Angus McDonald uses emotive language, logical evidence, case studies , appeals to a sense of justice and a photograph, along with an alarmist tone to convey the message that the government need to step up and stop child labour. Angus McDonald uses emotive language to make the reader empathise with the child labourers. McDonald uses a highly descriptive language to convey how Manu (the featured child labourer) lives his life and uses this to create a symbol or generalisation that all Indian Child labourers spend their days the same as Manu. The writer also uses emotive language in conjunction with a highly descriptive writing style to show the vast span between Manu and his products. Angus uses his emotive language to forward the premise of hypocrisy between that of Manu, an underpaid child labourer, and the expensive garments he makes. This makes the reader feel sincere empathy for Manu and all child labourers like him. This empathy that we feel while reading Manu’s story makes us yearn for a better future for Manu. This is the point in the article that Angus mentions how the police are combating the situation. McDonald mentions that they are trying but they are only getting â€Å"the tip of the iceberg†. This phrase makes us believe the government is not doing enough to help Manu and the rest of the child labourers, and therefore directly links to McDonald’s contention about how Indian child labourers are being exploited and government is not doing enough to stop this crime against humanity. The use of logical evidence and case studies within Angus McDonald’s â€Å"A Dollar a Day† essay, provokes the reader into believing that Angus McDonald is highly educated on the matter and that we should agree with him. The use of his case study of Manu gives the issue a small scope on the problem but  as we read through the article, Angus McDonald zooms out and looks at the broader topic. This small scope case study shows us the problem at its roots, then when Angus zooms out and shows us the broader issue of the government not controlling child labour problems efficiently, we feel informed of the matter and connecting to the whole issue because of this case study. The alarmist tone pulls information together nicely with the case study as it gives a real sense of urgency to the issue and this makes the reader side with the writer almost instantly. Angus McDonald uses logical evidence and case studies to push forward that Indian child labourers are being exploited an d the government need to be doing more to help. The writer uses the appeal to sense of justice language device, to arouse anger at the people taking advantage of these children and to make the reader feel as though the Justice Department of India are doing an inadequate job. Angus McDonald goes out of his way to make the criminals mentioned in his article look even worse then what they are. He uses the criminal’s mistreatment of the children to evoke a sense of injustice in the reader by writing sentences such as â€Å"a life of servitude† and â€Å"[a child’s] living nightmare†. These phrases make the reader feel great anger towards the criminals, but just as the readers are most enraged Angus McDonald turns the tables and explains that the criminals are bad but it’s the Justice Departments lack of input that has caused this problem to be so severe. This turns the reader’s anger towards the Justice Department and therefore siding with Angus McDonald’s contention. The writer’ s use of sense of justice helps him manipulate the reader into believing the government should be doing more to stop Indian child labour. Presented to us first in this issue is the picture of a child we are led to believe is Manu. This picture gives a face to our case study. This gives impact to the reader as now we have a much more emotional connection to Manu. This image is linked to the first couple of paragraphs where Manu’s life is described. Once again this makes the issue seem more real and makes the article more impacting. The actual picture is well done as it gives a good contrast between the blue garment and the dirty workshop and the poor  child. It shows the actual society contrast between Manu and the people who buy his clothes. The image is also sloped downwards as though we are looking down upon Manu, meaning pity or guilt. The image used in this piece is a strong device to link the issue to a visual and give it depth into the life of Manu. Throughout Angus McDonald’s piece he explains that Indian children are being exploited as child labour and the government is not doing enough to stop the issue. Angus McDonald uses emotive language, case studies, logical evidence, appeal to a sense of justice and an image to reinforce his opinion that to help children in India the government must do more.

buy custom Military Medical Crimes essay

buy custom Military Medical Crimes essay In the medical field, white-collar crime may include pharmaceutical executives untruly advertising that a vaccine can prevent certain infections which in real sense it does not. According to this video the Pentagon arranged for the United States troops in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Korea to receive anthrax vaccines by force (Lordblackhawk1000, 2008). The soldiers were denied the right to refuse deadly vaccines as they were threatened by the Pentagon. This was after the forewarnings that were issued by a number of heroic and patriotic individuals to military and government officials. It was kind of a plan between the Department of defense and pharmaceutical executives who knew that there would be an increased demand for the anthrax vaccine as their plan goes through. Increased demand always leads to increase in the price of goods or services and this is what thepharmaceutical company was targeting. This therefore qualifies to be a white-collar crime. After this arrangement, there was mass vaccination of the United States troops which risked the lives of many soldiers as the live anthrax bacteria was injected into their blood stream (Lordblackhawk1000, 2008). The soldiers should have the right to refuse what is unfavorable to their health. They should not be forced to be injected with a very expensive deadly vaccine for experimental purposes. Air force pilots decided to quit their profession rather than accept the deadly vaccine into their bodies. A caring United States Government, which is truly interested in the safety and health of Americans, would be ensuring that there is progress in public health and educational policies regarding chemical and biological attack preparedness (Pontell Geis, 2007)). It is very contrary when such critical advice and policy is entirely left to independent, usually ill-trained individuals at best. Such individuals convince the government with the aim of selling their fake product at a high price. The government should be aware of such white-collar criminals for the safety of citizens (Lordblackhawk1000, 2008). White-collar criminals always use a convincing language and can do a fatal harm which cannot be realized until very late (Benson Simpson, 2009). The forewarnings of the heroic and patriotic individuals to military and government officials are fallaciously accepted by the government without further investigation. This includes forcing the troops to be injected with a deadly vaccine. The soldiers should be allowed the right to reject the vaccines once they realize the consequences. Buy custom Military Medical Crimes essay

Alias grace dreams essays

Alias grace dreams essays I finished reading Alias Grace a couple of nights ago. I think one of the quotes from the blurb on the back read something like surely, this is as far as a novel can go and I think I agree. Not so much with the plot, which is still brilliant and involving, but by the sheer amount of technical skill Atwood demonstrates. Youll find a number of different writing methods styles that lesser novels pick one of and use all the way through like poetry, letters from characters to other characters and extracts from other (real life) texts of Grace Marks murder trial. What makes it all so impressive is that in one chapter you could be reading straight from the mind of Grace herself and then the next a number of letters from Dr. Simon Jordan (her fledgling psychologist) addressed to his mother, and it all seamlessly connects while feeling relevant to the story. And the story is an interesting one. I have the feeling I wouldve appreciated more if I had heard of Grace Marks or knew a little bit about the case before reading. Theres a sense that Atwood is writing for people who might have wondered about Grace Marks past and needed someone imaginative to fill in the gaps for them. But Atwood still does an excellent job of catering for the ignorant. Alias Grace is also a book that needs to be read all at once in a fairly short period of time; just to process all the information and keep events straight in your mind. My casual reading habits werent much help with that. But either way, like I said before, the book did what I wanted it to do: prove to me that Margaret Atwood is a bloody good writer. I think I now appreciate The Handmaids Tale a little more because it. Sigmund Freud (18561939) is universally considered the father of psychoanalysis, and many date the birth of psychoanalytic theory from the 1899 publication of The Interpretation of Dream...

Are We Too Dependent on Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Are We Too Dependent on Computers - Essay Example In this debate, I will argue that we are too dependent on computers. Progress is a natural aspect of humanity. People often seek new ideas, concepts and theories to support changing needs. In addition, the human capacity to think differentiates us from animals and drives us to want bigger, better, or more efficient tools to facilitate the execution of tasks. Computers are an example of a tool invented to make it easier to perform duties in an efficient and convenient manner. In spite of their contribution to human development, computers have also robbed us of certain aspects of our humanity, especially our social element. Human beings are naturally social; we always seek others for company and support in every possible way. However, computers are taking and have been taking this attribute away from us since they were invented. Today, it is common to see people using computers to perform everything, even tasks that can be carried out without technological assistance. In school, students are using calculators, which are minicomputers, to perform computations even when they do not really need to. It is also common to see people flashing out their gadgets at social gatherings and immersing themselves in online forums when they should be socializing with others. Smartphones, which are basically computers in their own right, and laptops, are now present in every corner of our lives. We have placed these devices on such a high pedestal that we view them as viable alternatives to other people.  

How successful was the strategic bombing of Germany in the Second Essay

How successful was the strategic bombing of Germany in the Second World War On what criteria do you base your assessment - Essay Example The Germans sought to forego the horrors that dominated trench warfare by technically re-engineering the way in which soldiers met with enemy combatants on the battlefield. However, the Germans were not unique in such an alternate approach as the Allies sought to find a way to avoid a protracted ground battle that would likely see both sides grind to a halt and re-invoke the painful lessons and memories of trench warfare during the Second World War. As a means to avert this, the Allies opted for a litany of approaches; however, for the purposes of this brief research, the one that will be focused upon with the most depth will be that of the CBO (Combined Bomber Offensive) which aimed to bring about the combined destruction of German industry, economics, and moral by providing a steady stream of aerial bombardment to Germany throughout much of the latter part of World War II. Though this aerial bombardment has come to be collectively recognized as a key determinant with respect to the Allied victory, this analysis will attempt to define the campaign, categorize its intended and realized goals, and attempt to draw a level of meaning upon overall effectiveness based upon these prior definitions. Thought it would be foolish to claim that the importance of aerial bombardment was determined as a useful means by the Allies completely of their own volition and in a type of vacuum as it were, it would also foolish to fail to consider the means by which the German aerial bombardment of Britain had a profound effect in guiding and directing the way the Allies thought concerning such a tactic (Childers 2005, p. 79). As night after night for nearly an entire year, the cities and infrastructure of Britain was tormented by nearly incessant German aerial bombardment during the Battle of Britain, it is without question that the formulation of what would become CBO took careful note of the means by which such a form of warfare affected the populace, the moral, and was a useful, albeit costly mechanism, whereby the Allies could seek to leverage an advantage over Germany while at the same time seeking to undermine the nation economically, morally, and industrially (Parramore 2012, p. 75). Similarly, before delving into the overall effectiveness of such a strategy in bringing about the end to the war, one must also consider the fact that after the Battle of Britain was all but decided, the strength and potency of the German Luftwaffe had been so seriously degraded that it no longer had the capability to successfully counter the streams of lumbering bombers that pummeled its cities with tonne after tonne of payload. Likewise, the fact that the Luftwaffe was not only degraded from losses from the Battle of Britain but also from the fact that Operation Barbarossa had already begun in the East ensured that a supreme lack of equipment and support for air defense of the homeland was something that was all but assured (Gentile 1997, p. 53). Approaching the issue fro m this light, it is easy to understand why the Allies used this opportunity to leverage the seemingly inexhaustible production strength that the United States was able to supply Great Britain as fighter blames and bombers were replaced on the front lines at a rate greater than the Luftwaffe and supporting aerial defense ground forces could bring them

Effects of Training and Development on Overall Organizational Research Paper

Effects of Training and Development on Overall Organizational Performance - Research Paper Example With employees’ development, an organization is able to retain them at their place of work for their own growth and for the growth of the organization for they will be able to fill new positions arising in the organization. In this paper, I will generally discuss training and development on overall organizational performance through work of HR management. I will also discuss how the human resource department seeks to improve the overall performance of its employees through training and development programs. The paper will deal mainly with the effects of training and development programs in improving employees’ performance and how it helps an organization to realize its goals by giving different perspectives from different authors and researchers. Training and development are essential to the success of all organizations. This is because; it ensures the ongoing managing of the performance of employees in organizations. Employee pieces of training not only set goals for t he employees but also monitors and motivates them in achieving the set goals. All human resource management should initiate training and development programs in their organizations so as to nurture professionals and a staff that is competent. It is vital because of the changes in economic and technological trends and the increase in the pace of modernization. All organizations need training and development so as to be able to grow faster with the changes. Training and development increase employees’ performance and it also increases the achievement of organizational goals. It is a fact that training and development of employees enhance eventual employee’s productivity and performance in an organization. Many organizations have occupied their staff in training and development programs so as to improve their performance. The performance of employees needs to be upgraded regularly. For an organization to meet its goals there is a need to instigate training, development, a nd employee evaluation programs. The best and most powerful tool in human resource training and development in e-learning. Online learning is very important because nowadays, everything is done technologically and all employees should be technologically literate. New technologies help in the improvement of an organizations performance. Even though there were cases whereby most employees were resistant to change, presently, they do embrace change. Due to this, most organizations are giving their employees training and development in their organizations for better performance. A research conducted by Rivera  found out that the human resource management is very confident and keen on the positive effects that training and development programs bring to their organizations (56). Many HR professionals interviewed during this research confirmed that the success and excellent performance of an organization highly rely on the constant training and development of its employees. The same rese arch revealed that many employees are happy with the training given to them and they also confirmed that it has improved their performance and it has increased their self-efficiency.

Game and Sportsman Essay Example for Free

Game and Sportsman Essay Sportsmanship does not mean only taking part in sports and playing the game in conformity with the rules prescribed, but also playing the game of life in the spirit imbibed on the playing fields. A true sportsman is he who observes all those rules in life which he has been taught to observe in games. One who has achieved skill or proficiency in games but does not learn to apply the principles of sports to life in general does not deserve to be called a sportsman. On the contrary, a man who gives evidence of possessing a sporting spirit in games is still a sportsman. Usually those who play games develop into true sportsmen because their character is molded by the training they are given on the field. It implies fair play. Just in games if any player plays foul, the side to which he belongs is penalized, similarly in the bigger game of life one must always be fair in ones dealings with others. Fairness, honesty, integrity, openness of heart and frankness -these are the qualities that a sportsman must display in life. One should not practice deception, should not bluff, should not cheat others and should indulge in diplomacy or humility. A sportsman never takes undue advantage of the weakness of his adversary nor does he hit below the belt. The art implies obedience to the leader. In games the players have to obey their captain and yield to him on points on which they are in disagreement with him. They must repose the fullest confidence in him. In life too, a sportsman yields to his superior even if he does not agree with him. Respect for discipline is an essential part of sportsmanship. Team spirit is another important element of sportsmanship. In games the various players must cooperate with one another if they wish to win a match. Without mutual co-operation success is impossible. Similarly in whatever sphere of life one may be, one must aid and be aided by ones friends if one is a true sportsman. Sportsmanship consists in working in full harmony with others. In cooperation indeed lies strength. Wherever a common aim binds a number of people together, they must display their sportsmanship by working harmoniously, without friction or mutual jealousy. Finally, the spirit of sportsmanship demands cheerfulness even in the face of a defeat. When two players play a tennis match, the loser does not cherish any grudge against the winner. In fact the loser congratulates his opponent on his success and shakes hands with him. Fair play, respect for discipline, recognition of the need for teamwork and cheerfulness even in the event of defeat are thus the dominant marks of a sportsman. Sportsmanship is worthy of admiration.

Toumai, The Oldest Relative of the Human Race Essay example -- Anthrop

Toumai, The Oldest Relative of the Human Race Discoveries relating to the human lineage are extremely exciting and often baffling. This is the case with the recent discovery of what seems to be the oldest member of the human family. A skull found in northern Chad in 2001, has been deemed the earliest relative to the human ever found. Nicknamed Toumai, and discovered by Michel Brunet and his paleontology team, this new category of human has been given the scientific name, Sahelanthropus tchaensis. What makes this skull so definitive is the fact that it dates back approximately 6-7 million years in the earth’s history (Whitfield 2002). Since the discovery there have been anthropologists and paleontologists that have disputed the hominid status of Toumai (Evans 2002), but many, especially those involved in the finding of the skull still believe that they have the oldest relative to the human race we know today. The kind of attention that comes from discovering a fossil that may challenge pre-existing notions of human lineage is massive. When the findings were first published in â€Å"Nature† and â€Å"Science†, scientific journals, the news spread like wildfire and every news source from ABC to the BBC had the story covered. A discovery of this magnitude is highly important considering it can alter thoughts about the beginnings of the human line and cause an uproar in the science community in terms of the way human evolution is looked at. BBC News was one of the sources that covered this story when the discovery was made. Their primary article stated, â€Å"Scientists say it is the most important discovery in the search for the origins of humankind since the first Australopithecus ‘ape-man’ remains were found in Africa i... ...s. Toumaà ¯, the ancestor of the human ones. http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0%402-3328,36-331868,0.html    Evans, Mark., 2002, Ancient Skull’s Species in Dispute. Philadelphia Inquirer. http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/inquirer/living/science/4249114.htm    Gibbons, Ann., 2002, One Scientists Quest for The Origin of our Species. Science, v. 298. http://rcp.missouri.edu/carolward/pdfs/quotebrunetpiece.pdf    Meek, James., 2002, Monkey or Man? Toumai hailed as our oldest ancestor, is stirring ancient scientific rivalries. Guardian News, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,808955,00.html    Noble, Ivan., 2002, Astonishing Skull Unearthed in Africa. BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2118055.stm    Whitfield, John., 2002, Oldest Member of Human Family Found. Nature, Science Update, http://www.nature.com/nsu/020708/020708-12.html   

Essay on Voltaire’s Candide: A Freudian Interpretation -- Candide Essa

A Freudian Interpretation of Candide  Ã‚   Voltaire’s Candide is a humorous work depicting the misadventures of a German man who has fallen from pseudo-nobility and is forced to roam the world in search for his love and his identity. In his adventures, he encounters massive fits of violence, both inflicted by himself onto others, and by those around him. This huge amount of violent behavior brings about startling questions about morality and justice in Voltaire’s time. It becomes apparent that Candide, among other things, is a satire which focuses on justice. Sigmund Freud, the noted psychologist, came up with the idea three states of consciousness: the id, which is the instinctive quality of humans; the ego, which is human rationale; and the superego, which is a person’s morality, or conscience. The characters and actions of Candide can easily be classified into these three states of consciousness to determine much of what Voltaire satirized in his work.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The middle group of the conscious states, the ego, is the medium of the brain. It is the bridge from the outside world to the inner workings of the mind. It is also the rational portion of the psyche, relying on reason. From the narrative, which is notably biased toward Candide’s point of view, the obvious symbol of the ego is Pangloss, the philosopher. He is Candide’s idol, and the model of right-thinking among the main characters, despite appearing as an utter buffoon to both the audience and the other characters with his hypotheses that all things are â€Å"for the best.† Also distorted views of the ego are apparent in most of the major characters, including Candide and Cunegonde, most notably. Although they are hardly the pictures of rationale, the... ...p in their own personal El Dorado, the microcosmic garden. An Edenic farm becomes their new home. On the other hand, the rest of society is forced to live with the monstrosity that it has created of itself. Candide and his friends can live in peace for the rest of their existence while the rest of humanity, including perhaps even the real El Dorado, must suffer its own set of consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltaire is obviously satirizing the period’s view of justice. He makes his points through biting sarcasm using the reversed roles of what he feels should be. These points are unstated, but painstakingly simple and clear. He was obviously hoping to reform the systems of the time. These ideas of reform are made even clearer by Freud’s ideas. Voltaire tries to refocus society’s efforts on morality and thinking, rather than tradition and blind submissions.    Essay on Voltaire’s Candide: A Freudian Interpretation -- Candide Essa A Freudian Interpretation of Candide  Ã‚   Voltaire’s Candide is a humorous work depicting the misadventures of a German man who has fallen from pseudo-nobility and is forced to roam the world in search for his love and his identity. In his adventures, he encounters massive fits of violence, both inflicted by himself onto others, and by those around him. This huge amount of violent behavior brings about startling questions about morality and justice in Voltaire’s time. It becomes apparent that Candide, among other things, is a satire which focuses on justice. Sigmund Freud, the noted psychologist, came up with the idea three states of consciousness: the id, which is the instinctive quality of humans; the ego, which is human rationale; and the superego, which is a person’s morality, or conscience. The characters and actions of Candide can easily be classified into these three states of consciousness to determine much of what Voltaire satirized in his work.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The middle group of the conscious states, the ego, is the medium of the brain. It is the bridge from the outside world to the inner workings of the mind. It is also the rational portion of the psyche, relying on reason. From the narrative, which is notably biased toward Candide’s point of view, the obvious symbol of the ego is Pangloss, the philosopher. He is Candide’s idol, and the model of right-thinking among the main characters, despite appearing as an utter buffoon to both the audience and the other characters with his hypotheses that all things are â€Å"for the best.† Also distorted views of the ego are apparent in most of the major characters, including Candide and Cunegonde, most notably. Although they are hardly the pictures of rationale, the... ...p in their own personal El Dorado, the microcosmic garden. An Edenic farm becomes their new home. On the other hand, the rest of society is forced to live with the monstrosity that it has created of itself. Candide and his friends can live in peace for the rest of their existence while the rest of humanity, including perhaps even the real El Dorado, must suffer its own set of consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Voltaire is obviously satirizing the period’s view of justice. He makes his points through biting sarcasm using the reversed roles of what he feels should be. These points are unstated, but painstakingly simple and clear. He was obviously hoping to reform the systems of the time. These ideas of reform are made even clearer by Freud’s ideas. Voltaire tries to refocus society’s efforts on morality and thinking, rather than tradition and blind submissions.